In the last post, we studied some parameters and their significance to operate a capacitor. In this post, we will be studying the working of capacitors in Dc, and in the end, we will be Studying how capacitors work in Ac.
Let's start part 2:-
Connect the battery to the capacitor in series with a resistor, let's consider an example of a train if that train has 50 seats and at the most, it can accommodate 60 people so that 10 people can stand.
Case:-1
When 1st 25 passengers enter the train they find the seats quite easily this is because the vacant space or free space is more.
Case:-2
For the next 20 passengers, it becomes a little difficult to search and acquires the seats as compared to the case:-1 &
Case:-3
In the end, 5 out of 15 passengers find it more difficult to search & acquire the seat as compared to the case:-2, while 15 people keep standing.
In similar case capacitors work to consider a capacitor as a train and that people as electrons let's assume a capacitor can hold at the most 60 electrons.
So at time t=1sec capacitors charge quickly
Relate it with case:-1
At t=2.5sec capacitor charge a little slowly as compared to t=1sec
Relate it with case:-2
At t=4.5sec capacitors charge completely but at a slower rate as compared to t=1sec.
Relate it with case:-3
This is because of very little space available on plates(due to accommodation of electrons) & repulsion of electrons which is accommodated in plates of the capacitor.
All electronic circuits suffer from some amount of “TIME-DELAY” between its input and output signal. This delay is generally known as the time delay or time Constant of the circuit and it is the time response of the circuit when a step voltage or signal is first applied. The time constant is known as (Tau)T=R*C where T is expressed in seconds.
As the capacitor charges up, the potential difference across its plates slowly increases with the actual time taken for the charge on the capacitor to reach 63% of its maximum possible voltage.
Graph of Charging capacitor:-
Now to understand the discharging of capacitors let's understand another example. Let's continue the above example here the train is reaching its destination, the maximum capacity that trains can carry is 60 passengers. 50 passengers are successful in acquiring the seats while 10 passengers are still standing. When the train reached its destination passengers moved out of the train.
Case:-1
10 passengers who were standing and 10 passengers who were sitting near to the door moved out of the door very easily and quickly.
Case:-2
20 passengers took little time in moving out of the train as compared to case-1, this is because of the accommodation of the first 20 people on the door.
Case:-3
20 passengers took more time in moving out of the train's door as compared to case 1, this is because these 20 passengers were sitting & were waiting for 40 passengers to move out of the train.
Graph of discharging capacitor:-
Let's do it practically:-
Here is the CIRCUIT DIAGRAM for working of the capacitor shown in the video
VIDEO:-
Connect the battery to the capacitor in series with a resistor, let's consider an example of a train if that train has 50 seats and at the most, it can accommodate 60 people so that 10 people can stand.
Case:-1
When 1st 25 passengers enter the train they find the seats quite easily this is because the vacant space or free space is more.
Case:-2
For the next 20 passengers, it becomes a little difficult to search and acquires the seats as compared to the case:-1 &
Case:-3
In the end, 5 out of 15 passengers find it more difficult to search & acquire the seat as compared to the case:-2, while 15 people keep standing.
In similar case capacitors work to consider a capacitor as a train and that people as electrons let's assume a capacitor can hold at the most 60 electrons.
So at time t=1sec capacitors charge quickly
Relate it with case:-1
At t=2.5sec capacitor charge a little slowly as compared to t=1sec
Relate it with case:-2
At t=4.5sec capacitors charge completely but at a slower rate as compared to t=1sec.
Relate it with case:-3
This is because of very little space available on plates(due to accommodation of electrons) & repulsion of electrons which is accommodated in plates of the capacitor.
All electronic circuits suffer from some amount of “TIME-DELAY” between its input and output signal. This delay is generally known as the time delay or time Constant of the circuit and it is the time response of the circuit when a step voltage or signal is first applied. The time constant is known as (Tau)T=R*C where T is expressed in seconds.
As the capacitor charges up, the potential difference across its plates slowly increases with the actual time taken for the charge on the capacitor to reach 63% of its maximum possible voltage.
Graph of Charging capacitor:-
Now to understand the discharging of capacitors let's understand another example. Let's continue the above example here the train is reaching its destination, the maximum capacity that trains can carry is 60 passengers. 50 passengers are successful in acquiring the seats while 10 passengers are still standing. When the train reached its destination passengers moved out of the train.
Case:-1
10 passengers who were standing and 10 passengers who were sitting near to the door moved out of the door very easily and quickly.
Case:-2
20 passengers took little time in moving out of the train as compared to case-1, this is because of the accommodation of the first 20 people on the door.
Case:-3
20 passengers took more time in moving out of the train's door as compared to case 1, this is because these 20 passengers were sitting & were waiting for 40 passengers to move out of the train.
Consider the train as a capacitor & passengers as electrons.
A similar case happens when we connect capacitors to a load resistor(LED). the capacitor discharges quickly just try to imagine and try to relate the discharging of the capacitor with the above cases.Graph of discharging capacitor:-
Let's do it practically:-
Here is the CIRCUIT DIAGRAM for working of the capacitor shown in the video
VIDEO:-
If you want to understand the concept in depth then I recommend you to watch the video, the link to the video is given below.
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